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Termites going through incomplete metamorphosis on the path to becoming alates form a subcaste in certain species of termite, functioning as potential supplementary reproductives. These supplementary reproductives only grow into main reproductives upon the death of a king or queen, or when the primary reproductives are separated out of the colony.6676 Supplementaries have the ability to replace a deceased primary reproductivesystem, and there can also be more than a single supplementary within a colony.53 Some queens have the capacity to switch from sexual reproduction to asexual reproduction.
The neotropical termite Embiratermes neotenicus and several other associated species produce colonies that contain a main king accompanied with a main queen or by up to 200 neotenic queens which had originated via thelytokous parthenogenesis of a founding primary queen.79 The kind of parthenogenesis probably employed maintains heterozygosity in the passage of their genome from mother to daughter, thus avoiding inbreeding depression. .
Termites are detritivores, consuming dead plants in any level of decomposition. They also play a very important role in the ecosystem by recycling waste material like dead wood, faeces and plants.8182 Many species eat cellulose, having a specialised midgut that divides down the fibre.83 Termites are considered to be a significant source (11%) of atmospheric methane, one of the prime greenhouse gases, produced in the breakdown of cellulose.84 Termites depend mainly upon symbiotic protozoa (metamonads) and other microbes such as flagellate protists in their guts to digest the cellulose for them, allowing them to absorb the end products for their own use.8586 Gut protozoa, for example Trichonympha, in turn, rely on symbiotic bacteria embedded on their surfaces to produce a number of the necessary intestinal enzymes.
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The flagellates have been dropped in Termitidae.878889 Scientists' understanding of the relationship between the termite gastrointestinal tract and the microbial endosymbionts is still rudimentary; what is true in all termite species, however, is that the workers feed the different members of the colony with substances derived from the digestion of plant material, either from the mouth or anus.54 Judging from closely related bacterial species, it is strongly presumed that the termites' great post to read and cockroach's gut microbiota derives from their dictyopteran ancestors.90.
Certain species such as Gnathamitermes tubiformans have seasonal food customs. As an example, they might preferentially consume Red three-awn (Aristida longiseta) during the summertime, Buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides) from May to August, and blue grama Bouteloua gracilis during spring, summer and autumn. Colonies of G. tubiformans consume less food in spring than they perform during autumn when their feeding activity is high.91.
Numerous woods differ in their susceptibility to termite attack; the differences are attributed to such factors as moisture content, hardness, and resin and lignin content. In one study, the drywood termite Cryptotermes brevis strongly preferred poplar and walnut forests to other forests that were generally rejected by the termite colony.
Some species of termite practice fungiculture. They maintain that a"garden" of specialised fungi of genus Termitomyces, that can be nourished from the excrement of the insects. When the fungi are eaten, their spores pass undamaged through the intestines of the termites to complete the cycle by germinating in the new faecal pellets.9394 Molecular evidence suggests that the household Macrotermitinae developed agriculture roughly 31 million years ago.
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Originally living in the rainforest, fungus farming enabled them to colonise the African savannah and other new environments, eventually expanding into Asia.95.
Depending on their feeding habits, termites are put into two classes: the lower termites and higher termites. The lower vases predominately feed on timber. As wood is difficult to digest, termites prefer to consume fungus-infected timber since it's easier to digest and the fungi are high in protein. Meanwhile, the bigger termites consume a wide variety of materials, including faeces, humus, bud, leaves and roots.96 The intestine in the lower termites contains many species of bacteria along with protozoa, whereas the greater termites only have a few species of bacteria with no protozoa.97.
